How long does a landlord have to return a security deposit?
It depends on the state, and the clock starts on move-out, not when you get around to inspecting. In the three states this tool covers:
| State | Deadline | Starts from |
| Texas | 30 days | the day the tenant surrenders (moves out of) the property |
| Washington | 30 days | the day the rental agreement ends and the tenant has moved out (or the day you learn they abandoned the unit) |
| Florida | 15 days to refund in full, or 30 days to send a notice of claim | the day the rental agreement ends |
Put the date on your calendar the day the keys come back. The penalties for missing it are built to hurt: in Texas a late refund is presumed to be bad faith; in Washington you can owe the whole deposit; in Florida you lose the right to deduct anything at all.
What can you deduct?
Damage beyond normal wear and tear, and money the tenant owes under the lease — unpaid rent, an unpaid utility bill they were responsible for, the cost of removing things they left behind. You can't charge for the ordinary aging of a home: faded paint, light scuffs, carpet worn by walking on it.
The cleanest way to settle the line is a dated move-in checklist with photos, compared against a move-out walkthrough. In Washington it's more than a good idea — you can't deduct for anything that wasn't on the written move-in checklist.
What to put in the letter
- The tenant's name and forwarding address, and the rental's address.
- The move-out date and the deposit amount you held.
- Each deduction on its own line, with a plain reason and an amount.
- The total deducted and the refund enclosed (or the balance owed, if damage exceeds the deposit).
- Copies of receipts, invoices, or estimates. Washington requires them for damage charges; everywhere else they're what wins a dispute.
How to send it
Use a method you can prove later. Florida requires certified mail (or e-mail, only if your tenant agreed to e-mail notices). Washington allows personal delivery or first-class mail. Texas doesn't specify — certified mail with a return receipt costs a few dollars and settles any argument about whether it arrived.